Video 1. Pre-hatching veligers developed transparent shell and visceral mass and yolk. They move slowly within the confines of the still cream coloured egg capsules. Video extracted from Sam et al. 2017, used with permission. |
Video 2. Closed to hatching, egg capsule becomes brown and pre-hatching veligers becomes more mobile. Video extracted from Sam et al. 2017, used with permission. |
Video 3. Veliger of Drupella rugosa as it swims in the water column. Video extracted from Sam et al., 2017, used with permission. |
Figure 10. Shell morphology of Drupella rugosa. The white arrow refer to the teeth on the outer lip and the red arrow refers to the plaits on the columella. Image edited from Rebecca Loh by Wu Meng Yue. |
Description of D. rugosa given by Richmond (1997) [26] and Döring (2015) [27]:
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Figure 11. Soft body of Drupella rugosa. Image by Wu Meng Yue. |
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Figure 12. Diagram of radula. Image extracted and adapted by Wu Meng Yue, used under CC BY-SA 3.0 . Image from WikiCommons. |
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Distinguishing features |
Drupella rugosa Image by Astri Noorbaini Binte Samsuri, used with permission. |
Drupella margariticola Image by Astri Noorbaini Binte Samsuri, used with permission. |
Shell morphology |
Knoddy nodules |
Parallel ridges |
Aperture |
White elliptical aperture |
Purple elliptical aperture |
Kingdom |
Animalia |
Phylum |
Mollusca |
Class |
Gastropoda |
Subclass |
Caenogastropoda |
Order |
Neogastropoda |
Superfamily |
Muricoidea |
Family |
Muricidae |
Subfamily |
Ergalataxinae |
Genus |
Drupella |
Species |
rugosa |